Building Knowledge

• Define digestion and the alimentary canal.

Near Connections

• Explain physical digestion and know the structures involved.

• Explain chemical digestion and know the enzymes involved in the process.

Describe

• ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion  

Label

• a diagram of the human digestive system.

Analyze

• the alimentary canal (Gastro-Intestinal Track) including:

  • the stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine, rectum, anus, appendix, large intestine, liver, mouth and salivary glands.

Note some of these will be covered in lectures under other Learning Intentions

Draw and label

• a diagram of a tooth.

Describe

• the roles of enamel, dentin, pulp cavity, gum and cement in a tooth's structure.

Write

• the correct dental formula for humans.

Building Knowledge

• Why are the structure and function of teeth very specific to the mammal’s diet?

• Describe what is a canine, molar and incisor.

Near Connections

• Explain the reason for herbivores having the specific teeth structures for their diet.

• Explain the reason carnivores have specific teeth structures for their diet.

Wider Connections

• Discuss the differences between dental formula of herbivores vs. carnivores vs. omnivores and link with reasons to justify these differences

Draw and label

• graphs and diagrams to illustrate the properties of enzymes.

Draw and explain

• the process of enzyme action in lock/key and induced fit models.

Discuss

• the differences between optimum pH, location and enzyme activity for:

  • • Carboxylases (amylase)

    • Proteases (pepsin/trypsin)

    • Lipases (lipase)

Building Knowledge

• State the purpose and necessity of enzymes.

• Describe the effects of pH and temperature on enzyme activity

• Explain what happens when an enzyme denatures.

Describe:

• The structure of the mouth, stomach and duodenum.

Explain:

• What happens when the food moves from the mouth to the stomach?

• The role of: saliva in the mouth

• Muscular walls, folds in walls, mucus lining and acidic environment in the stomach

• Pyloric sphincter

• The Duodenum's Thin tube, large surface area, secretory cells and ducts

Name and explain:

• The function of bile and three pancreatic enzymes.

Building Knowledge:

• Describe what is peristalsis and understand it is part of the physical digestion process.

• Name a disease of the stomach such as stomach ulcers.

Near Connections:

• Explain why we need an epiglottis and what it does

• Explain the structure of the stomach

• Explain what happens with the gastric juices and HCl.

Wider Connections:

• Discuss the differences between structural adaptations, chemical digestion role and physical digestion role of the stomach versus the duodenum

Explain

• How do the circulatory system and respiratory system work together?

Building Knowledge

• Describe the key components of blood.

• State that glucose is transported in capillaries to the cell.

• Describe the differences between arteries, veins and capillaries.

Near Connections

• Explain how each type of blood vessel is adapted to its function.

Draw and label

• a diagram of a mammalian heart.

Identify

• the purpose of the heart, blood and blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)

Draw and explain

• the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries

Sequence

• the pathway of blood being pumped through the pulmonary system and systemic system in a human body.

Explain

• What is aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Building Knowledge

• Define cellular respiration.

• Write the word equation for aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Near Connections

• Explain muscle fatigue and oxygen debt in anaerobic respiration

Investigate

• the conditions needed for aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration

 Sequence

• the pathway of oxygen entering the pulmonary system, to the alveoli and into the blood stream and carbon dioxide out

Explain

• Comparing the guts of herbivores, omnivore and carnivores.

Building Knowledge

• Identify the foods eaten by herbivores, carnivores and omnivores

Near Connections

• Explain why the length of the small intestine is related to the time taken to digest matter.

• Explain why the length of the large intestine is related to the time of absorption.

Wider Connections

• Compare/Contrast the digestive systems of a:

  • • • Rabbit

      • Cow

      • Cat

      • Human.

Link

• the relationship between cellulose-digesting microbes and herbivores

Locate, draw and describe

• the function of the caecum in breakdown of cellulose

Describe and explain

• the function of each of the four chambers of a foregut herbivore

  • • • Rumen

      • Reticulum

      • Omasum

      • Abomasum